2021

Martinez O, Martinez C, Parra CA, Rugeles S, Suarez DR. Machine learning for surgical time prediction. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 208:106220, 2021

Strömblad CT, Baxter-King RG, Meisami A, Yee SJ, Levine MR, Ostrovsky A, Stein D, Iasonos A, Weiser MR, Garcia-Aguilar J, Abu-Rustum NR, Wilson RS. Effect of a predictive model on planned surgical duration accuracy, patient wait time, and use of presurgical resources: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surgery 156:315-321, 2021

Titler S, Dexter F, Epstein RH. Percentages of cases in operating rooms of sufficient duration to accommodate a 30-minute breast milk pumping session by anesthesia residents or nurse anesthetists. Cureus 13:e12519, 2021  

Yuniartha DR, Masruroh NA, Herliansyah MK. An evaluation of a simple model for predicting surgery duration using a set of surgical procedure parameters. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 25:100633, 2021

2020

Bellini V, Guzzon M, Bigliardi B, Mordonini M, Filippelli S, Bignami E. Artificial intelligence: a new tool in operating room management. Role of machine learning models in operating room optimization. Journal of Medical Systems 44:20, 2020

Hasiuk MMM, Pang DSJ. Predicting the duration of surgery and procedures in a veterinary referral center. Veterinary Surgery 49:561-569, 2020

Jiao Y, Sharma A, Ben Abdallah A, Maddox TM, Kannampallil T. Probabilistic forecasting of surgical case duration using machine learning: model development and validation. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 27:1885-1893, 2020

Merchant RN. Slated versus actual operating room entry time in a British Columbia health authority. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 67:726-731, 2020

Pandit JJ. Rational planning of operating lists: a prospective comparison of 'booking to the mean' vs. 'probabilistic case scheduling' in urology. Anaesthesia 75:642-647, 2020

Parker SH, Lei X, Fitzgibbons S, Metzger T, Safford S, Kaplan S. The impact of surgical team familiarity on length of procedure and length of stay: inconsistent relationships across procedures, team members, and sites. World Journal of Surgery 44:3658-3667, 2020

Powezka K, Normahani P, Standfield NJ, Jaffer U. A novel team Familiarity Score for operating teams is a predictor of length of a procedure - a retrospective Bayesian analysis. Journal of Vascular Surgery 71:959-966, 2020

Rozario N, Rozario D. Can machine learning optimize the efficiency of the operating room in the era of COVID-19? Canadian Journal of Surgery 63:E527-E529, 2020

Shore H. An explanatory bi-variate model for surgery-duration and its empirical validation. Communications in Statistics: Case Studies, Data Analysis and Applications 6:142-166, 2020

Soh KW, Walker C, O’Sullivan M, Wallace J. An evaluation of the hybrid model for predicting surgery duration. Journal of Medical Systems 44:42, 2020

Soh KW, Walker C, O'Sullivan M, Wallace J, Grayson D. Case study of the prediction of elective surgery durations in a New Zealand teaching hospital. International Journal of Health Planning Management 35:1593-1605, 2020

Soh KW, Walker C, O'Sullivan M, Wallace J. Comparison of jackknife and hybrid-boost model averaging to predict surgery durations: a case study. SN Computer Science 1:316, 2020

Taaffe K, Pearce B, Ritchie G. Using kernel density estimation to model surgical procedure duration. International Transactions in Operational Research 28:401-418, 2020

Wang J, Cabrera J, Tsui KL, Guo H, Bakker M, Kostis JB. Clinical and nonclinical effects on operative duration: evidence from a database on thoracic surgery. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2020:3582796, 2020

2019

Bartek MA, Saxena CR, Solomon S, Fong CT, Behara LD, Venigandla R, Velagapudi K, Lang JD, Nair BG. Improving operating room efficiency: a machine learning approach to predict case-time duration. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 229:346-354.e3, 2019

Kougias P, Tiwari V, Sharath SE, Garcia A, Pathak A, Chen M, Ramsey D, Barshes N, Berger D. A statistical model-driven surgical case scheduling system improves multiple measures of operative suite efficiency: findings from a single-center, randomized controlled trial. Annals of Surgery 270:1000-1004, 2019

Tuwatananurak JP, Zadeh S, Xu X, Vacanti JA, Fulton WR, Ehrenfeld JM, Urman RD. Machine learning can improve estimation of surgical case duration: a pilot study. Journal of Medical Systems 43:44, 2019

Zhao B, Waterman RS, Urman RD, Gabriel RA. A machine learning approach to predicting case duration for robot-assisted surgery. Journal of Medical Systems 43:32, 2019

2018

Dexter F, Bayman EO, Pattillo JCS, Schwenk ES, Epstein RH. Influence of parameter uncertainty on the tardiness of the start of a surgical case following a preceding surgical case performed by a different surgeon. Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management 13:12-17, 2018

Glance LG, Dutton RP, Feng C, Li Y, Lustik SJ, Dick AW. Variability in case durations for common surgical procedures. Anesthesia & Analgesia 126:2017-2024, 2018

Liu H, Zhang T, Luo S, Xu D. Operating room scheduling and surgeon assignment problem under surgery durations uncertainty. Technology and Health Care 26:297-304, 2018

Pike TW, Mushtaq F, Mann RP, Chambers P, Hall G, Tomlinson JE, Mir R, Wilkie RM, Mon-Williams M, Lodge JPA. Operating list composition and surgical performance. British Journal of Surgery 105:1061-1069, 2018

Venkataramana S, Fredendall LD, Taaffe KM, Huynh N, Ritchie G. An empirical examination of surgeon experience, surgeon rating, and costs in perioperative services. Journal of Operations Management 61:68-81, 2018

Zeng Z, Xie X, Menaker H, Sanford-Ring SG, Li J. Performance evaluation of operating room schedules in orthopedic surgery. Flexible Services and Manufacturing 30:198-223, 2018

2017

Burgette LF, Mulcahy AW, Mehrotra A, Ruder T, Wynn BO. Estimating surgical procedure times using anesthesia billing data and operating room records. Health Services Research 52:74-92, 2017

Costa Jr AS. Assessment of operative times of multiple surgical specialties in a public university hospital. Einstein (São Paulo) 15:200-205, 2017

Edelman ER, van Kuijk SMJ, Hamaekers AEW, de Korte MJM, van Merode GG, Buhre WFFA. Improving the prediction of total surgical procedure time using linear regression modeling. Frontiers in Medicine 4:85, 2017

Forestier G, Petitjean F, Riffaud L, Jannin P. Automatic matching of surgeries to predict surgeons' next actions. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 81:3-11, 2017

Fügener A, Schiffels S, Kolisch R. Overutilization and underutilization of operating rooms - insights from behavioral health care operations management. Health Care Management Science 20:115-128, 2017

Master N, Zhou Z, Miller D, Scheinker D, Bambos N, Glynn P. Improving predictions of pediatric surgical durations with supervised learning. International Journal of Data Science and Analytics 4:35-52, 2017

Shahabikargar Z, Khanna S, Sattar A, Lind J. Improved prediction of procedure duration for elective surgery. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 239:133-138, 2017

Tiwari V, Queenan C, St. Jacques P. Impact of waiting and provider behavior on surgical outpatients' perception of care. Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management 7:7-11, 2017

2016

Attaallah AF, Elzamzamy OM, Phelps AL, Ranganthan P, Vallejo MC. Increasing operating room efficiency through electronic medical record analysis. Journal of Perioperative Practice 26:106-113, 2016

Dergachyova O, Bouget D, Huaulmé A, Morandi X, Jannin P. Automatic data-driven real-time segmentation and recognition of surgical workflow. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 11:1081-1089, 2016

Kougias P, Tiwari V, Berger DH. Use of simulation to assess a statistically driven surgical scheduling system. Journal of Surgical Research 201:306-312, 2016

Luangkesorn KL, Eren-Dogu ZF. Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods for estimating surgery duration. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 86:262-278, 2016

Pariser JJ, Diamond AJ, Christianson LW, Mitchell BA, Langerman A. Operating room inefficiencies attributable to errors in surgical case scheduling and surgeon procedure heterogeneity. American Journal of Medical Quality 31:584-588, 2016

van Eijk RP, van Veen-Berkx E, Kazemier G, Eijkemans MJ. Effect of individual surgeons and anesthesiologists on operating room time. Anesthesia & Analgesia 132:445-451, 2016

Vinden C, Malthaner R, McGee J, McClure JA, Winick-Ng J, Liu K, Nash DM, Welk B, Dubois L. Teaching surgery takes time: the impact of surgical education on time in the operating room. Canadian Journal of Surgery 59:87-92, 2016

Wu A, Brovman EY, Whang EE, Ehrenfeld JM, Urman RD. The impact of overestimations of surgical control times across multiple specialties on medical systems. Journal of Medical Systems 40:95, 2016

2015

Bravo F, Levi R, Ferrari LR, McManus ML. The nature and sources of variability in pediatric surgical case duration. Paediatric Anaesthesia 25:999-1006, 2015

Clark DE, El-Taha M. Some useful properties of log-logistic random variables for health care simulations. International Journal of Statistics in Medical Research 4:79-86, 2015

Kayis E, Khaniyev TT, Suermondt J, Sylvester K. A robust estimation model for surgery durations with temporal, operational, and surgery team effects. Health Care Management Science 18:222-233, 2015

Wu HL, Chang WK, Hu KH, Langford RM, Tsou MY, Chang KY. A quantile regression approach to estimating the distribution of anesthetic procedure time during induction. PLoS One 10:e0134838, 2015

Xiao Y, Jones A, Zhang BB, Bennett M, Mears SC, Mabrey JD, Kennerly D. Team consistency and occurrences of prolonged operative time, prolonged hospital stay, and hospital readmission: a retrospective analysis. World Journal of Surgery 39:890-896, 2015

2014

Hagopian TM, Vitiello GA, Hart AM, Perez SD, Pettitt BJ, Sweeney JF. Do medical students in the operating room affect patient care? An analysis of one institution's experience over the past five years. Journal of Surgical Education 71:817-824, 2014

He W, Ni S, Chen G, Jiang X, Zheng B. The composition of surgical teams in the operating room and its impact on surgical team performance in China. Surgical Endoscopy 28:1473-1478, 2014

van Veen-Berkx E, Bitter J, Elkhuizen SG, Buhre WF, Kalkman CJ, Gooszen HG, Kazemier G. The influence of anesthesia-controlled time on operating room scheduling in Dutch university medical centres. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 61:524-532, 2014

Wang J, Yang K. Using type IV Pearson distribution to calculate the probabilities of underrun and overrun of lists of multiple cases. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 31:363-370, 2014

2013

Dexter F, Epstein RH, Bayman EO, Ledolter J. Estimating surgical case durations and making comparisons among facilities: identifying facilities with lower anesthesia professional fees. Anesthesia & Analgesia 116:1103-1115, 2013  

Dexter F, Ledolter J, Tiwari V, Epstein RH. Value of a scheduled duration quantified in terms of equivalent numbers of historical cases. Anesthesia & Analgesia 117:204-209, 2013  

Franke S, Meixensberger J, Neumuth T. Intervention time prediction from surgical low-level tasks. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 46:152-159, 2013

Joustra P, Meester R, van Ophem H. Can statisticians beat surgeons at the planning of operations? Empirical Economics 44:1697-1718, 2013

Larsson A. The accuracy of surgery time estimations. Production Planning and Control 24:891-902, 2013

Tiwari V, Dexter F, Rothman BS, Ehrenfeld JM, Epstein RH. Explanation for the near constant mean time remaining in surgical cases exceeding their estimated duration, necessary for appropriate display on electronic white boards. Anesthesia & Analgesia 117:487-493, 2013  

Xu R, Carty MJ, Orgill DP, Lipsitz SR, Duclos A. The teaming curve: a longitudinal study of the influence of surgical team familiarity on operative time. Annals of Surgery 258:953-957, 2013

2012

Devi SP, Rao KS, Sangeetha SS. Prediction of surgery times and scheduling of operation theaters in ophthalmology department. Journal of Medical Systems 36:415-430, 2012

Gillespie BM, Chaboyer W, Fairweather N. Factors that influence the expected length of operation: results of a prospective study. BMJ Quality & Safety 21:3-12, 2012

Padoy N, Blum T, Ahmadi SA, Feussner H, Berger MO, Navab N. Statistical modeling and recognition of surgical workflow. Medical Image Analysis 16:632-641, 2012

Zheng B, Panton ON, Al-Tayeb TA. Operative length independently affected by surgical team size: data from 2 Canadian hospitals. Canadian Journal of Surgery 55:371-376, 2012

2011

Dexter F, Dexter EU, Ledolter J. Importance of appropriately modeling procedure and duration in logistic regression studies of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Anesthesia & Analgesia 113:1197-1201, 2011  

Pandit JJ, Tavare A. Using mean duration and variation of procedure times to plan a list of surgical operations to fit into the scheduled list time. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 28:493-501, 2011

Silber JH, Rosenbaum PR, Even-Shoshan O, Mi L, Kyle FA, Teng Y, Bratzler DW, Fleisher LA. Estimating anesthesia time using the Medicare claim: a validation study. Anesthesiology 115:322-333, 2011

2010

Alvarez R, Bowry R, Carter M. Prediction of the time to complete a series of surgical cases to avoid cardiac operating room overutilization. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 57:973-979, 2010

Chen TT, Chang YJ, Ku SL, Chung KP. Statistical process control as a tool for controlling operating room performance: retrospective analysis and benchmarking. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 10:905-910, 2010

Dexter EU, Dexter F, Masursky D, Kasprowicz KA. Prospective trial of thoracic and spine surgeons’ updating of their estimated case durations at the start of cases. Anesthesia & Analgesia 110:1164-1168, 2010  

Dexter F, Dexter EU, Ledolter J. Influence of procedure classification on process variability and parameter uncertainty of surgical case durations. Anesthesia & Analgesia 110:1155-1163, 2010  

Eijkemans MJC, van Houdenhoven M, Nguyen T, Boersma E, Steyerberg EW, Kazemier G. Predicting the unpredictable: A new prediction model for operating room times using individual characteristics and the surgeon's estimate. Anesthesiology 112:41-49, 2010

Li Y, Zhang S, Baugh RF, Huang JZ. Predicting surgical case durations using ill-conditioned CPT code matrix. IIE Transactions 42:121-135, 2010

Smallman B, Dexter F. Optimizing the arrival, waiting, and NPO times of children on the day of pediatric endoscopy procedures. Anesthesia & Analgesia 110:879-887, 2010  

Stepaniak PS, Heij C, de Vries G. Modeling and prediction of surgical procedure times. Statistica Neerlandica 64:1-18, 2010

2009

Cassera MA, Zheng B, Martinec DV, Dunst CM, Swanstrom LL. Surgical time independently affected by surgical team size. American Journal of Surgery 198:216-222, 2009

Dexter F, Epstein RH, Lee JD, Ledolter J. Automatic updating of times remaining in surgical cases using Bayesian analysis of historical case duration data and "instant messaging" updates from anesthesia providers. Anesthesia & Analgesia 108:929-940, 2009  

Stepaniak PS, Heij C, Mannaerts GH, de Quelerij M, de Vries G. Modeling procedure and surgical times for current procedural terminology-anesthesia-surgeon combinations and evaluation in terms of case-duration prediction and operating room efficiency: a multicenter study. Anesthesia & Analgesia 109:1232-1245, 2009

2008

Combes C, Meskens N, Rivat C, Vandamme JP. Using a KDD process to forecast the duration of surgery. International Journal of Production Economics 112:279-293, 2008

Dexter F, Dexter EU, Masursky D, Nussmeier NA. Systematic review of general thoracic surgery articles to identify predictors of operating room case durations. Anesthesia & Analgesia 106:1232-1241, 2008  

2007

Dexter F, Macario A, Ledolter J. Identification of systematic underestimation (bias) of case durations during case scheduling would not markedly reduce overutilized operating room time. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 19:198-203, 2007

Silber JH, Rosenbaum PR, Zhang X, Even-Shoshan O. Estimating anesthesia and surgical procedure times from Medicare anesthesia claims. Anesthesiology 106:346-355, 2007

Wachtel RE, Dexter F. A simple method for deciding when patients should be ready on the day of surgery without procedure-specific data. Anesthesia & Analgesia 105:127-140, 2007  

2006

Dexter F, Davis M, Halbeis CE, Marjamaa R, Marty J, McIntosh C, Nakata Y, Thenuwara KN, Sawa T, Vigoda M. Mean operating room times differ by 50% among hospitals in different countries for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and lung lobectomy. Journal of Anesthesia 20:319-322, 2006

Dexter F, Yue JC, Dow AJ. Predicting anesthesia times for diagnostic and interventional radiological procedures. Anesthesia & Analgesia 102:1491-1500, 2006  

Ehrenwerth J, Escobar A, Davis EA, Watrous GA, Fisch GS, Kain ZN, Barash PG. Can the attending anesthesiologist accurately predict the duration of anesthesia induction? Anesthesia & Analgesia 103:938-940, 2006

Escobar A, Davis EA, Ehrenwerth J, Watrous GA, Fisch GS, Kain ZN, Barash PG. Task analysis of the preincision surgical period: an independent observer-based study of 1558 cases. Anesthesia & Analgesia 103:922-927, 2006

Pandit JJ, Carey A. Estimating the duration of common elective operations: implications for operating list management. Anaesthesia 61:768-776, 2006

2005

Dexter F, Ledolter J. Bayesian prediction bounds and comparisons of operating room times even for procedures with few or no historic data. Anesthesiology 103:1259-1267, 2005  

Dexter F, Macario A, Epstein RH, Ledolter J. Validity and usefulness of a method to monitor surgical services’ average bias in scheduled case durations. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 52:935-939, 2005  

2004

Spangler WE, Strum DP, Vargas LG, May JM. Estimating procedure times for surgeries by determining location parameters for the lognormal model. Health Care Management Science 7:97-104, 2004

2003

Broka SM, Jamart J, Louagie YA. Scheduling of elective surgical cases within allocated block-times: can the future be drawn from the experience of the past? Acta Chirurgica Belgica 103:90-94, 2003

Celik J. Decreasing preoperative delays- a rapid process improvement project. AORN Journal 77:737-741, 2003

Lebowitz P. Why can't my procedures start on time? AORN Journal 77:594-597, 2003

Senapati PS, Barry JD, Edwards P, Hodzovic I, Shute K, Lewis WG. Surgical time and motion: the intermediate equivalent revisited. Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 85:40-3, 2003

Strum DP, May JH, Sampson AR, Vargas LG, Spangler WE. Estimating times of surgeries with two component procedures: comparison of the lognormal and normal models. Anesthesiology 98:232-240, 2003

2002

Dexter F, Traub RD, Fleisher LA, Rock P. What sample sizes are required for pooling surgical case durations among facilities to decrease the incidence of procedures with little historical data? Anesthesiology 96:1230-1236, 2002  

2001

Sorge M. Computerized O.R. scheduling: is it an accurate predictor of surgical time? Canadian Operating Room Nursing Journal 19(4):7-18, 2001

Stausberg J, Lang H, Obertacke U, Rauhut F. Classifications in routine use - Lessons from ICD-9 and ICPM in surgical practice. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 8:92-100, 2001

2000

Dexter F, Macario A. What is the relative frequency of uncommon ambulatory surgery procedures in the United States with an anesthesia provider? Anesthesia & Analgesia 90:1343-1347, 2000  

Dexter F, Traub RD. Statistical method for predicting when patients should be ready on the day of surgery. Anesthesiology 93:1107-1114, 2000  

May JH, Strum DP, Vargas LG. Fitting the lognormal distribution to surgical procedure times. Decision Sciences 31:129-148, 2000

Strum DP, May JH, Vargas LG. Modeling the uncertainty of surgical procedure times: comparison of the log-normal and normal models. Anesthesiology 92:1160-1167, 2000

Strum DP, Sampson AR, May JH, Vargas LG. Surgeon and type of anesthesia predict variability in surgical procedure times. Anesthesiology 92:1454-1466, 2000

1999

Dexter F, Traub RD, Qian F. Comparison of statistical methods to predict the time to complete a series of surgical cases. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 15:45-51, 1999

Macario A, Dexter F. Estimating the duration of a case when the surgeon has not recently performed the procedure at the surgical suite. Anesthesia & Analgesia 89:1241-1245, 1999  

Zhou J, Dexter F, Macario A, Lubarsky DA. Relying solely on historical surgical times to estimate accurately future surgical times is unlikely to reduce the average length of time cases finish late. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 11:601-605, 1999

1998

Zhou J, Dexter F. Method to assist in the scheduling of add-on surgical cases - upper prediction bounds for surgical case durations based on the log normal distribution. Anesthesiology 89:1228-1232, 1998  

1996

Wright IH, Kooperberg C, Bonar BA, Bashein G. Statistical modeling to predict elective surgery time. Anesthesiology 85:1235-1245, 1996

1991

Opit LJ, Collins REC, Campbell G. Use of operating theatres: the effects of case-mix and training in general surgery. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 73:389-393, 1991

1990

Shukla RK, Ketcham JS, Ozcan YA. Comparison of subjective versus data base approaches for improving efficiency of operating room scheduling. Health Services Management Research 3:74-81, 1990

Weiss EN. Models for determining estimated start times and case orderings in hospital operating rooms. IIE Transactions 22:143-150, 1990

1988

Hancock WM, Walter PF, More RA, Glick ND. Operating room scheduling data base analysis for scheduling. Journal of Medical Systems 12:397-409, 1988

1986

Shore H. An approximation for the inverse distribution function of a combination of random variables, with an application to operating theatres. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 23:157-181, 1986

1970

Goldman J, Knappenberger HA, Shearon WT. A study of variability of surgical estimates. Hospital Management 110:46-46D, 1970