PACU Staffing

 
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Post Anesthesia Care Unit Staffing
(last updated 03/31/10)

 

2009

Ehrenfeld JM, Seim AR, Berger DL, Sandberg WS. Implementation of a direct-from-recovery-room discharge pathway: a process improvement effort. Surgical Innovation 16:258-265, 2009

Schoenmeyr T, Dunn PF, Gamarnik D, Levi R, Berger DL, Daily BJ, Levine WC, Sandberg WS. A model for understanding the impacts of demand and capacity on waiting time to enter a congested recovery room. Anesthesiology 110:1293-1304, 2009

2008

Brown I, Jellish WS, Kleinman B, Fluder E, Sawicki K, Katsaros J, Rahman R. Use of postanesthesia discharge criteria to reduce discharge delays for inpatients in the postanesthesia care unit. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 20:175-179, 2008

Twersky RS, Sapozhnikova S, Toure B. Risk factors associated with fast-track ineligibility after monitored anesthesia care in ambulatory surgery patients. Anesthesia & Analgesia 106:1421-1426, 2008
 

2007

Marcon E, Dexter F. An observational study of surgeons' sequencing of cases and its impact on postanesthesia care unit and holding area staffing requirements at hospitals. Anesthesia & Analgesia 105:119-126, 2007 [PDF]
 

2006

Awad IT, Chung F. Factors affecting recovery and discharge following ambulatory surgery. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 53:858-872, 2006

Dexter F, Wachtel RE, Epstein RH. Impact of average patient acuity on staffing of the phase I PACU. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 21:303-310, 2006

Marcon E, Dexter F. Impact of surgical sequencing on post anesthesia care unit staffing. Health Care Management Science 9:87-98, 2006

Meyer MA, Sokal SM, Sandberg W, Chang Y, Daily B, Berger DL. INCOMING!--A web tracking application for PACU and post-surgical patients. The Journal of Surgical Research. 132:153-158, 2006

Samad K, Khan M, Hameedullah, Khan FA, Hamid M, Khan FH. Unplanned prolonged postanaesthesia care unit length of stay and factors affecting it. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 56:108-112, 2006
 

2005

Dexter F, Epstein RH, de Matta R, Marcon E. Strategies to reduce delays in admission into a postanesthesia care unit from operating rooms. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 20:92-102, 2005

Kiekkas P, Poulopoulou M, Papahatzi A, Androutsopoulou C, Maliouki M, Prinou A. Nursing activities and use of time in the postanesthesia care unit. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing 20:311-322, 2005
 

2004

Song D, Chung F, Ronayne M, Ward B, Yogendran S, Sibbick C. Fast-tracking (bypassing the PACU) does not reduce nursing workload after ambulatory surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia 93:768-774, 2004

Williams BA, Kentor ML, Vogt MT, Vogt WB, Coley KC, Williams JP, Roberts MS, Chelly JE, Harner CD, Fu FH. Economics of nerve block pain management after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: potential hospital cost savings via associated postanesthesia care unit bypass and same-day discharge. Anesthesiology. 100:697-706, 2004
 

2003

Hsu VN, de Matta R, Lee CY. Scheduling patients in an ambulatory surgical center. Naval Research Logistics 50:218-238, 2003

Marcon E, Kharraja S, Smolski N, Luquet B, Viale JP. Determining the number of beds in the postanesthesia care unit: a computer simulation flow approach. Anesthesia & Analgesia 96:1415-1423, 2003

White PF, Rawal S, Nguyen J, Watkins A. PACU fast-tracking: an alternative to "bypassing" the PACU for facilitating the recovery process after ambulatory surgery. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing 18:247-253, 2003
 

2002

Apfelbaum JL, Walawander CL, Grasela TH, Wise P, McLeskey C, Roizen MF, Wetchler BV, Korttila K. Eliminating intensive postoperative care in same-day surgery patients using short-acting anesthetics. Anesthesiology 97:66-74, 2002

Beaussier M. Decorps A. Tilleul P. Megnigbeto A. Balladur P. Lienhart A. Desflurane improves the throughput of patients in the PACU. A cost-effectiveness comparison with isoflurane. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 49:339-346, 2002

Epstein RH, Dexter F, Traub RD. Statistical power analysis to estimate how many months of data are required to identify post anesthesia care unit staffing to minimize delays in admission from operating rooms. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 17(2):84-88, 2002

Williams BA, Kentor ML, Williams JP, Vogt MT, DaPos SV, Harner CD, Fu FH. PACU bypass after outpatient knee surgery is associated with fewer unplanned hospital admissions but more phase II nursing interventions. Anesthesiology 97:981-988, 2002
 

2001

Dexter F, Epstein RH, Penning DH. Statistical analysis of post-anesthesia care unit staffing at a surgical suite with frequent delays in admission from the operating room - a case study. Anesthesia & Analgesia 92:947-949, 2001

Dexter F, Traub RD, Penning DH. Statistical analysis by Monte-Carlo simulation of the impact of administrative and medical delays in discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit on total patient care hours. Anesthesia & Analgesia 92:1222-1225, 2001

Duncan PG, Shandro J, Bachand R, Ainsworth L. A pilot study of recovery room bypass ("fast-track protocol") in a community hospital. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 48:630-636, 2001

Junger A, Klasen J, Benson M, Sciuk G, Hartmann B, Sticher J, Hempelmann G. Factors determining length of stay of surgical day-case patients. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 18:314-321, 2001

Saar LM. Use of a modified postanesthesia recovery score in phase II perianesthesia period of ambulatory surgery patients. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 16(2):82-89, 2001
 

2000

Mamaril M. Fast-tracking the postanesthesia patient: the pros and cons. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing. 15(2):89-93, 2000
 

1999

Chung F, Mezei G. Factors contributing to a prolonged stay after ambulatory surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia 89:1352-1359, 1999

Cohen MM, O-Brien-Pallas LL, Copplestone C, Wall R, Porter J. Nursing workload associated with adverse events in the postanesthesia care unit. Anesthesiology 91:1882-1890, 1999

Dexter F, Macario A, Manberg PJ, Lubarsky DA. Computer simulation to determine how rapid anesthetic recovery protocols to decrease the time for emergence or increase the phase I post anesthesia care unit bypass rate affect staffing of an ambulatory surgery center. Anesthesia & Analgesia 88:1053-1063, 1999

Tessler MJ, Mitmaker L, Wahba RM, Covert CR. Patient flow in the postanesthesia care unit: an observational study. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 46:348-351, 1999

Zollinger TW, Saywell RM Jr, Smith CP, Highland D, Pfeiffer B, Kelton GM. Delays in patient transfer: postanesthesia care nursing. Nursing Economics 17:283-290, 1999
 

1998

Cohen SE, Hamilton CL, Riley ET, Walker DS, Macario A, Halpern JW. Obstetric postanesthesia care unit stays: reevaluation of discharge criteria after regional anesthesia. Anesthesiology 89:1559-1565, 1998

D'Errico C. Voepel-Lewis TD. Siewert M. Malviya S. Prolonged recovery stay and unplanned admission of the pediatric surgical outpatient: an observational study. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 10:482-487, 1998

Tibi-Levy Y, de Pouvourville G, Rozenholc Y, Goursot G, Clergue F, Delemontey B, Feiss P, Laxenaire MC, Marty J, Beresniak A. Evaluation of benefits related to reduced length of stays in postanesthesia care units. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 14:172-179, 1998
 

1997

Dexter F, Rittenmeyer H. Measuring productivity of the phase I postanesthesia care unit. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 12(February):7-11, 1997

Dexter F, Rittenmeyer H. A statistical method for predicting postanesthesia care unit staffing needs. AORN Journal 65:947-957, 1997

Dexter F, Rittenmeyer H. Quantification of phase I postanesthesia nursing activities in the phase II postanesthesia care unit. Nursing Outlook 45:86-88, 1997

Marshall S, Chung F. Assessment of ‘home readiness’: discharge criteria and postdischarge complications. Current Opinions in Anesthesiology 10:445-450, 1997
 

1995

Chung F. Recovery pattern and home readiness after ambulatory surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia 80:896-902, 1995

Dexter F, Tinker JH. Analysis of strategies to decrease post anesthesia care unit costs. Anesthesiology 82:94-101, 1995

McAleer WE, Turner JA, Lismore D, Naqvi LA. Simulation of a hospital’s theatre suite. Journal of Management in Medicine 9(5):14-26, 1995
 

1985

Bell M, Warner JA, Cameron AE. Patient flow patterns in a recovery room and implications for staffing. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 78:35-38, 1985
 

1981

Kuzdrall PJ, Kwak NK, Schmitz HH. Simulating space requirements and scheduling policies in a hospital surgical suite. Simulation May 1981, 163-171
 

1976

Kwak NK, Kuzdrall PJ, Schmitz HH. The GPSS simulation of scheduling policies for surgical patients. Management Science 22:982-989, 1976

 

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